16. Metals
Iron
[L N] Cottingham. The Smith and Founder's Director containing a series of designs and patterns for ornamental iron and brass work. 3rd ed, author, London 1824 [1823] . A Worldcat search shows nine other copies, mostly in US libraries. For Cottingham, see Janet Myles, L N Cottingham 1787-1847: Architect of the Gothic Revival, Lund Humphries, London 1996.
Thomas Tredgold. The Strength of Cast Iron and other Metals. London 1829. A pioneering work in the development of structural design formulae on the basis of empirical testing.
de T P V André. Magasin d'Ornamens de Fonte en Fer. Paris, no date [c 1840]..
(p) Stephenson & Co. Manufacturers of an improved description of strong iron cattle fence, hurdles, gates, round and square spike railing and all kinds of wrought iron work [folding broadside]. London, no date [before 1843, date of inscription]. [Link]
Charles D Young. A Short Treatise on the System of Wire Fencing, Gates, etc. as manufactured by Charles D. Young & Company. Glasgow 1850 [Link]: bound with:
Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Ornamental Cast and Wrought Iron and Wire Work manufactured by Charles D. Young & Company. Edinburgh 1850. [Link]
(p) Charles D Young & Company. Description (with illustrations) of Iron and Wire Fences, Gates, et, etc, adapted especially for Australia, invented and manufactured by Charles D. Young and company, iron and wire manufacturers, iron founders, contractors, etc. London, no date [?c 1854]. [Link]
(p) Morgan Iron Works [invoice] (New York, 11 October 1851).
(p) William Fairbairn. An Experimental Inquiry into the Strength of Wrought Iron Plates (communicated by Rev. Henry Moseley, read 13 June 1850). No place, no date. Apparently an extract from the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, and important in the development of rivetting.
M D Wyatt. ‘On the Construction of the Building for the Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations in 1851’, Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers; with Abstracts of Discussions, vol 10, 1850-1 (1851) [offprint].
William Fairbairn. On the Application of Cast and Wrought Iron to Building Purposes. London 1854. The most seminal work of the great British empirical engineer, important in promoting the use of wrought iron in beams and of arched fireproof floor construction.
William Fairbairn. On the Application of Cast and Wrought Iron to Building Purposes. 3rd ed, Longmans, London 1864 [1854].
William Fairbairn. Iron, its History, Properties, &c. Edinburgh 1861.
William Fairbairn. Mills and Millwork. 4th ed, London 1878 [?c 1860].
(p) Frederick Tyerman. Tyerman's Patent Hoop-Iron Bond for Building Purposes [leaflet with re printed reviews and a simulated ms letter of 1855 from Tyerman], no publication details.
Francis Campin. Bridges, Girders, Roofs, &c. London 1871.
Thomas Timmins. Rivetted Girders and Curved Roofs. London 1882. Consists of four folding plates illustrating a wide range of standard truss forms, and funicular polygons to analyse them. [Link]
Thomas Timmins. Examples of Iron Roofs, 'Vol. 1'. 2nd ed, London 1883. 'Vol. 1' is misleading in that this work is self-contained, but seems to assume that Timmins's Rivetted Girders is to be regarded as volume 2. [Link]
(f) Walter Macfarlane & Co. Illustrated Catalogue of Macfarlane's Castings. 6th ed, 2 vols, Glasgow, no date [1882, according to David Mitchell]. [Link 1] [Link 2]
Frederick Braby & Co. [catalogue] No.9. London 1883. The ship's tanks, p 134, are particularly relevant to the Australian scene.
(f) A T Walmsley. Iron Roofs. 2nd ed, London 1888.
(f) Société Anonyme des Laminoirs, Hauts-Fourneaux, Forges, Fonderies & Usines de la Providence à Marchienne-au-Pont (Belgique). Albums des divers Fers Spéciaux. Paris, no date [c 1890]. This handbook includes structural secions, rails, glazing bars, and various types of wrought iron. It is a predecessor of the handbooks issued by steel makers (below).
Handa Shonosuke Shoten, Sentetsuseio Monpi Tetsusakurui?], [broadside advertising iron gates fences &c] Tokyo 1913 (Taisho 2) .
Jacob Hilgers & Trägerwellblech ephemera
My understanding is that this material is from a government file, and the companies are submitting proposals and prices to officials including the 'Royal Building Master'. Hein Lehmann were the inventors and/or patentees of the new deep profile heavy gauge Trägerwellblech corrugated iron. Trägerwellblech was manufactured by Jacob Hilgers, presumably as agent for Hein Lehmann or under a licence from them. Hein Lehmann were submitting prices for the proposed prison at Cassel. In a letter of 1878 Hein Lehmann proposed for the first time the use of curved Trägerwellblech carrying a concrete floor above: the use of corrugated iron in this way goes back to 1848 in Britain, but the new idea was to do the same thing with Trägerwellblech iron. This proposal at Cassell did not proceed, but the new system came into use in Germsany, and by the 1880s itwas widespread in eastern Austrlia.
(A) Jacob Hilgers galvanised iron, zinc &c:
Jacob Hilgers, Vorrede zu den Preislisten über verzinkte Fabrikate nebst Angabe ausgeführter Arbeiten [leaflet] (Jacob Hilgers, Rheinbrohl [Rheinprovinz], no date [after 1871]). [No apparent reference to Trägerwellblech]
Jacob Hilgers, Preis-Liste für Verzinkte Bleche &c [leaflet] (Jacob Hilgers, Rheinbrohl [Rheinprovinz], no date [after 1873]). [price list for galvanised sheet: includes Wellenlbleche [corrugated], illustrated in three ordinary corrugated profiles; Grosse Pfannenbleche, flat with flutes like the Vieille Montagne/Braby type; Hilgers'sche Dachpfannen [roof pfannen]; Träger-Wellblech; Diverse] Jacob Hilgers, Rheinbrohl [Rheinprovinz], no date: loose sheets marked as Tafel I-V [not apparently from the previous catalogue, as the format is larger and some of the content repeated:
I Verzinkte flache Bleche [flat zinc sheet] showing the thicknesses.
II Verzinkte Wellenbleche [corrugated zinc sheets] showing the dimensionsof Profil I, II and III, plus two corrugations of each at full size.
III Verzinkte Wellenbleche; Verzinktes Befestigungsmaterial; Preisberechnung: thicknesses weights &c, and price reckoner.
IV Verzinkte Wellenblechbedachungen. Diagrams of Polonceau truss roofs with corrugated sheeting.
V Verzinkte gewölbte Wellenblechbedachung [arched zinc sheet roofing]. Illustration of an arched corrugated roof and details of purlins, hook bolts, &c.Jacob Hilgers, Patentirte Dachdeckung aus verzinktem eisen [patent galvanized iron roof cladding] [4 pp leaflet] (Jacob Hilgers, Rheinbrohl [Rheinprovinz], 1878). Shows roofing of rectangular sheet tiles divided by a central roll, with a diamond imprint filling the surface of each half; fixing details including a saddle-headed nail and washer; and also gutters, gutter brackets, and an openable glazed skylight hatch &c.
Jacob Hilgers to ?Ausmann 18 October 1878
[marginal sketch of Trägerwellblech in section], annotations on rear 22, 26 October―― to [Hilgers] 30 October 1878 [2 pp ms note]
E Boetticher [of Hilgers] to ――, Cassel, 30 October 1878 [1 page ms letter with 4pp ms notes]. Probably relating to the Cassel prison.
Jacob Hilgers, Zeugnisse über Bedachungen mit Wellen- & Pfannenblechen sowie über zahlreichr Lieferungen von Pontons für die deutsche und hollondaise Armee Wetterlutten für Bergwerke [testimonials on corrugated and sheet metal .. numerous consigments of ... for the German and Dutch army ... mining] [20 pp brochure] (Jacob Hilgers, Rheinbrohl [Rheinprovinz], no date [1878]). Contains testimonials dated up to August 1878, and illustrates the same products as previous items.
―― to [Hilgers], Cassel, 4 November 1878 [2 pp ms note]. Probably relating to the Cassel prison.
[Hilgers] to――, Cassel, 7 November 1878 [2 pp ms letter].
[Möller & Blum Maschinenfabrik] to ―― Cassel, Berlin 27 July 1878 [3 pp ms letter]. Marginal sketches of ? window grilles.
'Straf Anstalt bei Kassel' [penitentiary establishment near Kassel] [22pp double sided ms ?specification for ironwork and 11 pp ?quantities] I – Trager der Keller Gewolbe [support of basement arches] ....
[Hilgers] to Maschinenfabrik Cyclop Mehlis & Behrens, Berlin, ?4 November 1878 [2 pp ms note].
Maschinenfabrik Cyclop Mehlis & Behrens, Berlin to [Hilgers] to, 11 November 1878 [1 page ms letter]. Addressed to the 'Royal Building Master' and quotes prices.
Three page ms 5 November 1875.
(B) Trägerwellblech:
'Traegerwelblechdach für die Centralhalle der Strafanstadt bei Cassel' [traegerwellblech roof for the central hall of the penitentiary establishment near Cassell]. Undated drawing.
'Traegerwelblechdach für die Centralhalle mit Verbindunsbauten der Strafanstadt bei Cassel' [traegerwellblech roof for the central hall and connecting building of the penitentiary establishment near Cassell]. Undated drawing of a a conical roof.
Strafanstadt bei Cassel', Uberwölbung Zelle mit Wellblech [penitentiary establishment near Cassell, upper vaulted cells with corrugated iron]. Undated drawing.
Hein, Lehmann & Co to ―, 5 August 1878 [7 page ms letter, including a marginal sketch of arched fireproof flooring].
Hein, Lehmann & Co, Bau-Insalt für Eisen Constructionen ...Trägerwellblech [6 page tabloid size brochure, with numerous illustrations] (Hein, Lehmann & Co, Berlin no date [after 1878])
Hein, Lehmann & Co to ―, 28 September 1878 [8 page ms letter, including a marginal sketch of overlapping curved roof sheeting].
Strafanstalt bei Cassel. Statische nur Gewichts Ermittelunnger nur Dachconstruction inv Centralhalle nach der Ministerialproject (1880) [Prison near Cassel. Quantities and load calculations for the roof construction of the central hall, ministerial project. [with some marginal sketches]
Iron & Steel
J Barba (preface by A L Holley). The Use of Steel for Constructive Purposes (Van Nostrand, New York 1875)
James Napier. A Manual of Electro-Metallurgy, &c. 5th ed, Charles Griffin, London. 1876 [1851].
(p) N A Haldeman & Co. Iron Roofing [broadside]. Philadelphia, no date [after 1876]. This is a brochure consisting simply of a two sided sheet folded once, to create four pages. It describes a roofing system patented in the United States in 1876, in which two iron sheets are folded together at the edges to create seams. [Link]
W H Greenwood. Steel and Iron. London 1884.
W H Birkmire. Architectural Iron and Steel, and its Application in the Construction of Buildings. (Wiley, New York 1891.
L A Barré. Petite Encyclopédie Pratique du Batiment: Charpente on Fer. Paris 1898.
(p) Scully Iron & Steel Company. Stock List. Chicago 1899. [Link]
(f) James Dredge. The Works of Messrs. Schneider and Co. [partly reproduced from ‘Engineering’]. Bedford Press, London 1900.
Arthur Vierendeel. La Construction Architecturale en Fonte, Fer, et Acier. Louvain 1901.
A O Backert [ed]. The ABC of Iron and Steel. 3rd ed, Cleveland [Ohio] 1919.
Fredk. Braby & Co. Ltd. Braby's Handbook for Engineers and Architects. 2nd ed. Braby, London, no date [c 1913].
Pressed Metal Ceilings & Cladding
[f] E Fauchois, Ornements pour l'Architecture, Estampés & Repoussés en tous genres: Zinc, Cuivre, Tôle & Plomb. Fauchois, Paris 1871. [Link]
Doens, De Lambert & J Martin, E Fauchois, Successeur, Ornements pour le Bâtiment: Travaux d'Art: Zinc, Plomb, Cuivre, Tôle. Doens &c, Paris [no date] 1872 [catalogue] A Worldcat search shows the only other copy held by the Canadian Centre for Architecture, and the date of 1872 is that ascribed by the Centre. One of the designs is dated 1871.
[p] Javons & Rivière, Ornements pour le Bâtiment: l'Architecture en Zinc, Cuivre et Plomb. Javons & Rivière,Paris [no date] after 1885 [broadside]. [Link]
A O Kittredge [ed]. The Compendium of Architectural Sheet-Metal Work. Philadelphia 1877.
(p) Porter Iron Roofing and Corrugating Co. Cincinnati [Ohio] no date [C B Wood, catalogue 70, item 147, suggests 1885-90]. Includes sheet steel imitation weatherboard cladding, as at the Knuckey Street Wesleyan Church, Darwin. [Link]
(p) Garry Iron Roofing Co. Garry's Patent Iron and Steel Roofing. Cleveland [Ohio] no date [C B Wood, catalogue 70, item 66, suggests 1887]. [Link]
(p) Garry Iron and Steel Roofing Co. Garry's Patent Iron and Steel Roofing. Cleveland [Ohio] 1891. Like Porter's, this catalogue includes a weatherboard ['clapboard'] profile sheeting, not in the earlier edition. [Link]
(p) A. Northrop & Co. All about the Iron Roofing and Iron Ceiling manufactured by A. Northrop & Co. Pittsburgh [Pennsylvania] 1888. [Link]
(p) National Sheet Metal Roofing Co. Practical Hints to Builders. New York 1890. [Link]
(p) T.C. Snyder & Co. Illustrated Catalogue, Iron Roofing, Siding, and Ceiling. Canton [Ohio], no date [1886]. [Link]
(p) The Canton Steel Roofing Co. Stamped Steel Ceilings [catalogue C]. Canton [Ohio] 1898.
(p) The Canton Steel Roofing Co. Stamped Steel Ceilings [supplement to catalogue C]. Canton [Ohio] 1898. [Link]
The Canton Steel Roofing Co. [catalogue]. Canton [Ohio] 1899. [Link]
Braden Mfg, Co., Sheet Metal Products. Braden, Terre Haute [Indiana] no date [c 1905]. [Link]
The Berger Manufacturing Company, Canton, Ohio. Berger Manufacturing, Canton [Ohio] 1907.
(p) 'Metallic' Building Materials [small folding leaflet] (Metallic Roofing Co of Canada Limited, Toronto, no date [c 1908]).
(f) Edwards Manufacturing Co. Metal Ceilings and Side Walls. [catalogue]. Cincinatti [Ohio] 1911. [Link]
The Pedlar People, Limited, Reference Book No. 25 R of Sheet Metal Products. Pedlar, Oshawa [Ontario] 1922. [Link]
(p) Johan Blaschke. Illustrirter Preis-Courant Johann Blaschke Special-Werkstattë für Zink-Ornamente. Vienna, no date [c 1895]. [Link]
Steel
C L Strobel [ed]. Pocket Companion [of Carnegie, Phipps & Co., Limited]. Pittsburgh [Pennsylvania] 1892 [1890]. This contains both wrought iron and steel sections, and is interesting because it refutes the claim that the first trade catalogue of standard structural steel sections was issued by the Carnegie-Phipps Company in 1894: F R S Yorke & C T Penn, A Key to Modern Architecture (London 1939), p 31.
F H Kindl [ed]. Pocket Companion [of the Carnegie Steel Company Limited]. Pittsburgh [Pennsylvania] 1893.
A. & P. Roberts Company. Steel in Construction as made by the Pencoyd Iron Works, &c. 11th ed, Philadelphia 1898. [Link]
Stewarts and Lloyds Limited. Stewarts and Lloyds Limited [catalogue]. Glasgow 1904. [Link]
H J Skelton & Co. Structural Steel [Handbook No 10]. London 1906 [Link]
M S Ketchum. The Design of Steel Mill Buildings. 2nd ed, New York 1909 [1903].
Redpath Brown & Co. Ltd. British Standard Beams. Edinburgh 1920. Incorporates slips with the addresses of the Australian representatives, James Hurll & Co. Ltd. of Sydney.
Dorman, Long & Co., Ltd. Handbook for Constructional Engineers containing Tables Relating to Steel, &c. Middlesborough [Yorkshire] 1924.
Percy J Waldram. Structural Design in Steel Frame Buildings. London 1924.
(p) C A Strand. Stran-Steel House at the Century of Progress Exhibition in Co-Operation with Good Housekeeping. Detroit [Michigan], no date [1933-4]. [Link]
(p) Truscon Steel Company. Truscon Steel Products for the Homebuilder (Truscon, Youngstown [Ohio] 1939)
Lord Riverdale. Hints to Practical Users of Tool Steels. 10th ed, Sheffield, no date [?1946] [1906].
Stewarts and Lloyds 1903-1953. London, no date [1953].
Stewarts and Lloyds Ltd. Screwed and Socketed Steel Tubes and Fittings. Pocket Catalogue Section 1. Glasgow 1954. [Link]
Windows
(f) Crittall Manufacturing Co Ltd. Windows [catalogue 36]. Braintree [Essex] 1925. [Link]
Crittall Manufacturing Co Ltd. Standard Metal Windows [catalogue 41]. Braintree [Essex] 1925. [Link]
Mesker Bros. Iron Co. Steel Windows. St Louis [Missouri], no date [?c 1930]. [Link]
(p) Detroit Steel Products Company. The Home Owner’s Book of Fenestra Bonderized Steel Casement Windows. Detroit Steel Products, Detroit [Michigan], no date [1937]. [Link]
W F Crittall. A Metal Window Dictionary. Braintree [Essex] 1953 [Link]
Henry Hope
H Hope & Son Ld. Casement & Steel Window Catalogue. Hope, Birmingham 1909.
Henry Hope & Sons Limited. Windows, the Eyes of your Home [list no 55] Hope’s, Birmingham 1928. [Link]
Henry Hope & Sons Ltd. Hope's Standard Steel Windows. Hope, London, no date [c 1928].
Henry Hope & Sons Ltd. Hope's Hardware [cataogue no 66] (Hope, London, 1930). [Link]
Henry Hope & Sons Ltd. Hope's Standard Lanterns and Skylights [list no 197] (Hope, London, 1939).
Henry Hope & Sons Ltd. Hope's Standard Metal Windows [list no 177] (Hope, London, 1937).
Henry Hope & Sons Ltd. [list no 179] (Hope, London, 1937).
Henry Hope & Sons Ltd. Wood Surrounds for Hope's Windows [list no 184] (Hope, London, 1938).
(p) Hope's Windows Inc. Hope's Holford Casements. Hope, Jamestown [New York] 1940.
(p) Hope's Windows Inc. To Those About To Build. Hope, Jamestown [New York] 1941.
Welding
Particulars of the Quasi-Arc System of Electric Welding. London, no date [?c 1915]. Although the cover and title page list Melbourne among the branch offices, this copy bears the stamp of 'Sole Agents', Robert Bryce & Co Pty Ltd of Sydney.
S W Miller. Oxy-Acetylene Welding. 1st ed, New York 1916.
S W Miller. Oxy-Acetylene Welding. New York 1920.
T Newton & A Eyles. Oxy-Acetylene Welding. London 1918.
F L Ballard et al. The Complete Welder. Volume II. Electrical Arc Welding. London, no date [?1930s].
E E Dreece et al. Arc Welding in Design, Manufacture and Construction. Cleveland [Ohio] 1939.
Galvanizing &c.
Heinz Bablik [trans C J C Salter]. Galvanizing. London 1926.
G Petrie & J C Mills. Sherardizing. 4th ed, Wolverhampton [Staffordshire] 1939 [1932].
The Lysaght Century 1857-1957. Bristol 1957.
Non-Ferrous Metals
I R Butts. The Tin-Man's Manual and Builder's and Mechanic's Handbook. Boston 1861.
A Maugendre. Vieille Montagne [an album of views of Vieille Montagne branch establishments]. Liège, no date [1888].
J W Richards. Aluminium: its History, Occurrence, Properties, Metallurgy and Applications, including its Alloys. 2nd ed, Philadelphia 1890 [1886].
H K Vosburgh [ revised William Neubcker], The Tinsmith's Helper and Pattern Book. 7th ed, David Williams, New York 1911.
American Brass Company. Anaconda Architectural Bronze Extruded Shapes. Waterbury [Connecticut] 1926.
(p) [Anaconda] Errata to above.
(p) [Anaconda] Supplementary Index to Anaconda Architecural Bronze Extruded Shapes.
(p) [Anaconda] Undated typescript letter from E A Anderson, of the Sales Promotion Department, to Charles Foster of 20 Regent Streeet, Prahran, advising of corrections and amendments.
Vieille Montagne, Société Anonyme des Mines et Fonderies de Zinc de la Vieille Montagne (Vieille Montagne, Paris, no date [1933]).
International Nickel, Practical Design in Monel Metal [A.I.A, file no. 15-G], International Nickel Company Inc, New York 1931.
Alcoa Structural Handbook. Pittsburgh [Pennsylvania] 1960 [1930].
(f) Cinema Foyer Designs in Aluminium. London 1934. Includes, plate 10, design by Mrs H Bannatyne Lewis.
Société des Mines et Fonderies de Zinc de la Vieille Montagne Société Anonyme Liège. Liège 1937.
John Peter. Aluminum in Modern Architecture. Volume I, Louisville [Kentucky] 1956.
Paul Wedlinger. Aluminum in Modern Architecture. Volume II, Louisville [Kentucky] 1956.
Emrys Pride. Tinman’s Progress: the South Wales Tinplate and Steel Sheet Industry in 3 Centuries. Glamorgan Education Authority, Swansea 1959.
See also:
(sec 5) Treatise on Architecture 3. [incl] Ornamental Ironwork, Roofing, Sheet-Metal Work I C S Reference Library: 73. Roofing (sec 12) B.R.C. Reinforcements (sec 13) Matheson, Works in Iron (sec 38) Australuco Aluminium Data B H P, Rolled Steel Sections Melbourne Iron and Steel Mills Lysaght Venture (sec 39) "Quasi-Arc" Electric Welding (sec 45) Australasian Ironmonger, 1 October 1886.